Healing the Buried Interface by a Plant-Derived Green Passivator for Carbon-Based CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in photovoltaic applications owing to their superior efficiency, and the buried interface plays a significant role in determining the efficiency and stability of PSCs. Herein, a plant-derived small molecule, ergothioneine (ET), is adopted to heal the defective buried interface of CsPbIBr2-based PSC to improve power conversion efficiency (PCE). Because of the strong interaction between Lewis base groups (-C═O and -C═S) in ET and uncoordinated Pb2+ in the perovskite film from the theoretical simulations and experimental results, the defect density of the CsPbIBr2 perovskite film is significantly reduced, and therefore, the nonradiative recombination in the corresponding device is simultaneously suppressed. Consequently, the target device achieves a high PCE of 11.13% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.325 V for hole-free, carbon-based CsPbIBr2 PSCs and 14.56% with a VOC of 1.308 V for CsPbI2Br PSCs. Furthermore, because of the increased ion migration energy, the detrimental phase segregation in this mixed-halide perovskite is weakened, delivering excellent long-term stability for the unencapsulated device in ambient conditions over 70 days with a 96% retention rate of initial efficiency.

Advances in the regulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides: A review.

Polysaccharides are biomolecules composed of monosaccharides that are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms and are of interest for their various health benefits. Cumulative studies have shown that the modulation of radiation-induced apoptosis by polysaccharides can be effective in preventing and treating a wide range of radiation injuries with safety and few side effects. Therefore, this paper summarizes the monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, and structure-activity relationships of natural polysaccharides that regulate radiation-induced apoptosis, and also reviews the molecular mechanisms by which these polysaccharides modulate radiation-induced apoptosis, primarily focusing on promoting cancer cell apoptosis to enhance radiotherapy efficacy, reducing radiation damage to normal tissues, and inhibiting apoptosis in normal cells. Additionally, the role of gut microbiota in mediating the interaction between polysaccharides and radiation is discussed, providing innovative ideas for various radiation injuries, including hematopoiesis, immunity, and organ damage. This review will contribute to a better understanding of the value of natural polysaccharides in the field of radiation and provide guidance for the development of natural radioprotective agents and radiosensitizers.

Intrathecal or intraventricular antimicrobial therapy for post-neurosurgical Gram-negative bacillary meningitis or ventriculitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Extensively-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (XDR GNB)-related post-neurosurgical infection is closely related to mortality, which represents a major challenge for neurosurgeons. There is an urgent need to review and evaluate methods to reduce mortality. METHODS: Both international and Chinese databases were searched independently from their inception to 15 June 2023. A meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.4 to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) treatment in combination with intrathecal or intraventricular (ITH/IVT) treatment with IV treatment alone for post-neurosurgical meningitis or ventriculitis due to GNB. Mortality, microbiological clearance and adverse events were considered as primary outcomes. RESULTS: In total, 18 eligible studies involving 602 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The IV + ITH/IVT group was associated with significantly lower mortality (especially in the XDR GNB subgroup) and acceptable safety. In terms of microbiological clearance, a significant decrease was shown in the XDR GNB subgroup. Significant benefits were shown in laboratory parameters and clinical symptoms after patients were treated with ITH/IVT. CONCLUSION: Additional ITH/IVT treatment may promote XDR GNB clearance and reduce mortality. In addition, ITH/IVT administration can improve clinical symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid indicators of patients with post-neurosurgical infections. Significantly, ITH/IVT treatment does not increase the incidence of adverse events at the recommended dose.

Efficient production of single cell protein from biogas slurry using screened alkali-salt-tolerant Debaryomyces hansenii.

Production of single cell protein (SCP) by recovering ammonia nitrogen from biogas slurry shows great potential against protein scarcity and unsustainable production of plant and animal proteins. Herein, a high-alkali-salt-tolerant yeast strain, Debaryomyces hansenii JL8-0, was isolated and demonstrated for high-efficient SCP production. This strain grew optimally at pH 8.50 and 2500 mg/L NH4+-N, and it could efficiently utilize acetate as the additional carbon source. Under optimal conditions, SCP biomass of 32.21 g/L and productivity of 0.32 g/L·h-1 were obtained in fed-batch fermentation. Remarkably, nearly complete (97.40 %) ammonia nitrogen from biogas slurry was recovered, probably due to its high affinity for NH4+-N. Altogether, this strain showed advantages in terms of cell biomass titer, productivity, and yield. A cultivation strategy was proposed by co-culturing D. hansenii with other compatible yeast strains to achieve high-efficient SCP production from biogas slurry, which could be a promising alternative technology for biogas slurry treatment.

Production of single cell protein rich in potassium by Nectaromyces rattus using biogas slurry and molasses.

Single-cell protein (SCP) is a vital supplement for animal protein feed. This study utilized biogas slurry and sugarcane molasses to ferment Nectaromyces rattus for the production of SCP. The optimal batch fermentation conditions were obtained in a 5L jar with a tank pressure of 0.1 MPa, an initial speed of 300 rpm, and an inoculum volume of 30%. The highest cell dry weight concentrations of the fed-batch fermentation without reflux and the fed-batch fermentation with reflux were 46.33 g/L and 29.71 g/L, respectively. The nitrogen conversion rates (47.05% and 44.12%) and the cell yields of total organic carbon (1 g/g and 1.17 g/g) of both fermentation modes were compared. The SCP contained 42.32% amino acids. Its high concentrations of potassium (19859.96 mg/kg) and phosphorus (7310.44 mg/kg) present a novel approach for the extraction of these essential nutrients from biogas slurry. The enrichment of K was related to the H+ efflux and sugar transport.

Laser-Activatable In Situ Vaccine Enhances Cancer-Immunity Cycle.

The immune response in cancer reflects a series of carefully regulated events; however, current tumor immunotherapies typically address a single key aspect to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In the present study, a nanoplatform (Fe3 O4 @IR820@CpG)-based immunotherapy strategy that targets the multiple key steps in cancer-immunity cycle is developed: 1) promotes the release of tumor-derived proteins (TDPs), including tumor-associated antigens and pro-immunostimulatory factors), in addition to the direct killing effect, by photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT); 2) captures the released TDPs and delivers them, together with CpG (a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist) to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to promote antigen presentation and T cell activation; 3) enhances the tumor-killing ability of T cells by combining with anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody (α-PD-L1), which collectively advances the outstanding of the anti-tumor effects on colorectal, liver and breast cancers. The broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity of Fe3 O4 @IR820@CpG with α-PD-L1 demonstrates that optimally manipulating anti-cancer immunity not singly but as a group provides promising clinical strategies.

Solvent-Free Synthesis of Covalent Organic Framework/Graphene Nanohybrids: High-Performance Faradaic Cathodes for Supercapacitors and Hybrid Capacitive Deionization.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with flexible periodic skeletons and ordered nanoporous structures have attracted much attention as potential candidate electrode materials for green energy storage and efficient seawater desalination. Further improving the intrinsic electronic conductivity and releasing porosity of COF-based materials is a necessary strategy to improve their electrochemical performance. Herein, the employed graphene as the conductive substrate to in situ grow 2D redox-active COF (TFPDQ-COF) with redox activity under solvent-free conditions to prepare TFPDQ-COF/graphene (TFPDQGO) nanohybrids and explores their application in both supercapacitor and hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI). By optimizing the hybridization ratio, TFPDQGO exhibits a large specific capacitance of 429.0 F g-1 due to the synergistic effect of the charge transport highway provided by the graphene layers and the abundant redox-active centers contained in the COF skeleton, and the assembled TFPDQGO//activated carbon (AC) asymmetric supercapacitor possesses a high energy output of 59.4 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 950 W kg-1 and good cycling life. Furthermore, the maximum salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 58.4 mg g-1 and stable regeneration performance is attained for TFPDQGO-based HCDI. This study highlights the new opportunities of COF-based hybrid materials acting as high-performance supercapacitor and HCDI electrode materials.

Boosted Redox Kinetics Enabling Na3V2(PO4)3 with Excellent Performance at Low Temperature through Cation Substitution and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Cross-Linking.

The open NASICON framework and high reversible capacity enable Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) to be a highly promising cathode candidate for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, the unsatisfied cyclic stability and degraded rate capability at low temperatures due to sluggish ionic migration and poor conductivity become the main challenges. Herein, excellent sodium storage performance for the NVP cathode can be received by partial potassium (K) substitution and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) cross-linking to modify the ionic diffusion and electronic conductivity. Consequently, the as-fabricated Na3-xKxV2(PO4)3@C/MWCNT can maintain a capacity retention of 79.4% after 2000 cycles at 20 C. Moreover, the electrochemical tests at -20 °C manifest that the designed electrode can deliver 89.7, 73.5, and 64.8% charge of states, respectively, at 1, 2, and 3 C, accompanied with a capacity retention of 84.3% after 500 cycles at 20 C. Generally, the improved electronic conductivity and modified ionic diffusion kinetics resulting from K doping and MWCNT interconnecting endows the resultant Na3-xKxV2(PO4)3@C/MWCNT with modified electrochemical polarization and improved redox reversibility, contributing to superior performance at low temperatures. Generally, this study highlights the potential of alien substitution and carbon hybridization to improve the NASICON-type cathodes toward high-performance SIBs, especially at low temperatures.

NiM (Sb, Sn)/N-doped hollow carbon tube as high-rate and high-capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Alloy-type materials are regarded as prospective anode replacements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to their attractive theoretical capacity. However, the drastic volume expansion leads to structural collapse and pulverization, resulting in rapid capacity decay during cycling. Here, a simple and scalable approach to prepare NiM (M: Sb, Sn)/nitrogen-doped hollow carbon tubes (NiMC) via template and substitution reactions is proposed. The nanosized NiM particles are uniformly anchored in the robust hollow N-doped carbon tubes via NiNC coordination bonds, which not only provides a buffer for volume expansion but also avoids agglomerating of the reactive material and ensures the integrity of the conductive network and structural framework during lithiation/delithiation. As a result, NiSbC and NiSnC exhibit high reversible capacities (1259 and 1342 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A/g) and fascinating rate performance (627 and 721 mAh/g at 2 A/g), respectively, when employed as anodes of LIBs. The electrochemical kinetic analysis reveals that the dominant lithium storage behavior of NiMC electrodes varies from capacitive contribution to diffusion contribution during the cycling corresponding to the activation of the electrode exposing more NiM sites. Meanwhile, M (Sb, Sn) is gradually transformed into stable NiM during the de-lithium process, making the NiMC structure more stable and reversible in the electrochemical reaction. This work brings a novel thought to construct high-performance alloy-based anode materials.

Synergistically boosting reaction kinetics and suppressing polyselenide shuttle effect by Ti3C2Tx/Sb2Se3 film anode in high-performance sodium-ion batteries.

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3), with rich resources and high electrochemical activity, including in conversion and alloying reactions, has been regarded as an ideal candidate anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, the severe volume expansion, sluggish kinetics, and polyselenide shuttle of the Sb2Se3-based anode lead to serious pulverization at high current density, restricting its industrialization. Herein, a unique structure of Sb2Se3 nanowires uniformly anchored between Ti3C2Tx (MXene) nanosheets was prepared by the electrostatic self-assembly method. The MXene can impede the volume expansion of Sb2Se3 nanowires in the sodiation process. Moreover, the Sb2Se3 nanowires can reduce the restacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and enhance electrolyte accessibility. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations confirm the increased reaction kinetics and better sodium storage capability through the composite of Ti3C2Tx with Sb2Se3 and the high adsorption capability of Ti3C2Tx to polyselenides. Therefore, the resultant Sb2Se3/Ti3C2Tx anodes show high rate capability (369.4 mAh/g at 5 A/g) and cycling performance (568.9 and 304.1 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g after 100 cycles and at 1.0 A/g after 500 cycles). More importantly, the full sodium-ion batteries using the Sb2Se3/Ti3C2Tx anode and Na3V2(PO4)3/carbon cathode exhibit high energy/power densities and outstanding cycle performance.

Over-expression of programmed death-ligand 1 and programmed death-1 on antigen-presenting cells as a predictor of organ dysfunction and mortality during early sepsis: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the changes of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expression on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and evaluate their association with organ failure and mortality during early sepsis. METHODS: In total, 40 healthy controls and 198 patients with sepsis were included in this study. Peripheral blood was collected within the first 24 h after the diagnosis of sepsis. The expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 was determined on APCs, such as B cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells (DCs), by flow cytometry. Cytokines in plasma, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A were determined by Luminex assay. RESULTS: PD-1 expression decreased significantly on B cells, monocytes, myeloid DCs (mDCs), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) as the severity of sepsis increased. PD-1 expression was also markedly decreased in non-survivors compared with survivors. In contrast, PD-L1 expression was markedly higher on mDCs, pDCs, and monocytes in patients with sepsis than in healthy controls and in non-survivors than in survivors. The PD-L1 expression on APCs (monocytes and DCs) was weakly related to organ dysfunction and inflammation. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the PD-1 percentage of monocytes (monocyte PD-1%)+APACHE II model (0.823) and monocyte PD-1%+SOFA model (0.816) had higher prognostic value than other parameters alone. Monocyte PD-1% was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality. CONCLUSION: The severity of sepsis was correlated with PD-L1 or PD-1 over-expression on APCs. PD-L1 in monocytes and DCs was weakly correlated with inflammation and organ dysfunction during early sepsis. The combination of SOFA or APACHE II scores with monocyte PD-1% could improve the prediction ability for mortality.

Novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives as potential T3SS inhibitors against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.

BACKGROUND: Cruciferous black rot is caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infection and is a widespread disease worldwide. Excessive and repeated use of bactericide is an important cause of the development of bacterial resistance. It is imperative to take new approaches to screening compounds that target virulence factors rather than kill bacterial pathogens. The type III secretion system (T3SS) invades a variety of cells by transporting virulence effector factors into the cytoplasm and is an attractive antitoxic target. Toward the search of new T3SS inhibitors, an alternative series of novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized and assessed for their effect in blocking the virulence. RESULTS: All of the target compounds were characterized by proton (1 H) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), carbon-13 (13 C) NMR, fluorine-19 (19 F) NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). All compounds were evaluated using high-throughput screening systems against Xcc. The results of the biological activity test revealed that the compound SPF-9 could highly inhibit the activity of xopN gene promoter and the hypersensitivity (HR) of tobacco without affecting bacterial growth. Moreover, messenger RNA (mRNA) level measurements showed that compound SPF-9 inhibited the expression of some representative genes (hrp/hrc genes). Compound SPF-9 weakened the pathogenicity of Xcc to Raphanus sativus L. CONCLUSION: Compound SPF-9 has good potential for further development as a novel T3SS inhibitor against Xcc. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Physics-based Efficient Full Projector Compensation using only Natural Images.

Achieving practical full projector compensation requires the projection display to adapt quickly to textured projection surfaces and unexpected movements without interrupting the display procedure. A possible solution to achieve this involves using a projector and an RGB camera and correcting both color and geometry by directly capturing and analyzing the projected natural image content, without the need for additional patterns. In this study, we approach full projector compensation as a numerical optimization problem and present a physics-based framework that can handle both geometric calibration and radiometric compensation for a Projector-camera system (Procams), using only a few sampling natural images. Within the framework, we decouple and estimate the Procams' factors, such as the response function of the projector, the correspondence between the projector and camera, and the reflectance of projection surfaces. This approach provides an interpretable and flexible solution to adapt to the changes in geometry and reflectance caused by movements. Benefitting from the physics-based scheme, our method guarantees both accurate color calculation and efficient movement and reflectance estimation. Our experimental results demonstrate that our method surpasses other state-of-the-art end-to-end full projector compensation methods, with superior image quality, reduced computational time, lower memory consumption, greater geometric accuracy, and a more compact network architecture. The data and source code are accessible at https://github.com/kylin-leo/FullProjectorCompensation.

Interface Engineering of Fe7S8/FeS2 Heterostructure in situ Encapsulated into Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes for High Power Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Heterostructure engineering combined with carbonaceous materials shows great promise toward promoting sluggish kinetics, improving electronic conductivity, and mitigating the huge expansion of transition metal sulfide electrodes for high-performance sodium storage. Herein, the iron sulfide-based heterostructures in situ hybridized with nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (Fe7S8/FeS2/NCNT) have been prepared through a successive pyrolysis and sulfidation approach. The Fe7S8/FeS2/NCNT heterostructure delivered a high reversible capacity of 403.2 mAh g-1 up to 100 cycles at 1.0 A g-1 and superior rate capability (273.4 mAh g-1 at 20.0 A g-1) in ester-based electrolyte. Meanwhile, the electrodes also demonstrated long-term cycling stability (466.7 mAh g-1 after 1,000 cycles at 5.0 A g-1) and outstanding rate capability (536.5 mAh g-1 at 20.0 A g-1) in ether-based electrolyte. This outstanding performance could be mainly attributed to the fast sodium-ion diffusion kinetics, high capacitive contribution, and convenient interfacial dynamics in ether-based electrolyte.

MAPKAPK2, a potential dynamic network biomarker of α-synuclein prior to its aggregation in PD patients.

One of the important pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the pathological aggregation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in the substantia nigra. Preventing the aggregation of α-Syn has become a potential strategy for treating PD. However, the molecular mechanism of α-Syn aggregation is unclear. In this study, using the dynamic network biomarker (DNB) method, we first identified the critical time point when α-Syn undergoes pathological aggregation based on a SH-SY5Y cell model and found that DNB genes encode transcription factors that regulated target genes that were differentially expressed. Interestingly, we found that these DNB genes and their neighbouring genes were significantly enriched in the cellular senescence pathway and thus proposed that the DNB genes HSF1 and MAPKAPK2 regulate the expression of the neighbouring gene SERPINE1. Notably, in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data obtained from substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex and peripheral blood samples, the expression level of MAPKAPK2 was significantly higher in PD patients than in healthy people, suggesting that MAPKAPK2 has potential as an early diagnostic biomarker of diseases related to pathological aggregation of α-Syn, such as PD. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the pathological aggregation of α-Syn.

Bioaugmentation on humification during co-composting of corn straw and biogas slurry.

In order to increase the nutrients and humic acid (HA) contents of corn straw (CS) derived organic fertilizer and recover resources from biogas slurry (BS) simultaneously, the co-composting of CS and BS was carried out with the addition of biochar and microbial agents including lignocellulose degrading and ammonia assimilating bacteria. The results showed that 1 kg straw could treat 2.5 L BS by recovering nutrients and bio-heat introduced evaporation. The bioaugmentation strengthened both the polyphenol and Maillard humification pathways by promoting the polycondensation of precursors (reducing sugars, polyphenols, and amino acids). HA obtained in the microbial-enhanced group (20.83 g/kg), biochar-enhanced group (19.34 g/kg), and combined-enhanced group (21.66 g/kg) were significantly higher than that in the control group (16.26 g/kg). The bioaugmentation achieved directional humification and reduced the loss of C and N by promoting the CN formation of HA. The humified co-compost had nutrient slow-release effect in agricultural production.

In-situ decoration of tin sulfide on Niobium carbide MXene with robust electronic coupling for improved sodium storage performance.

Tin sulfide (SnS) has been considered as one of the most promising sodium storage materials because of its excellent electrochemical activity, low cost, and low-dimensional structure. However, owing to the serious volume change upon discharging/charging and poor electronic conductivity, the SnS-based electrodes often suffer from electrode pulverization and sluggish reaction kinetics, thus resulting in serious capacity fading and degraded rate capability. In this work, SnS nanoparticles uniformly distributed on the surface of the layered Niobium carbide MXene (SnS/Nb2CTx) were fabricated through a facile solvothermal approach followed by calcination, endowing the SnS/Nb2CTx with a three-dimensional interconnected framework as well as fast charge transfer. Benefitting from the excellent electronic/ionic conductivity, efficient buffering matrix, abundant active sites, and high sodium storage activity inherited from the structure design, the robust electronic coupling between SnS nanoparticle and Nb2CTx MXene results in excellent electrochemical output, which demonstrates superior reversible capacities of 479.6 (0.1 A/g up to 100 cycles) and 278.9 mAh/g (0.5 A/g up to 500 cycles) upon sodium storage, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance manifests the promise of the combination of metal sulfides with Nb2CTx MXene to fabricate high-performance electrodes for sodium storage.

The Responses of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms to Different Environmental Factors Determine Their Elevational Distribution and Assembly Patterns.

The assembly mechanisms shaping the elevational patterns of diversity and community structure in ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are not well understood. We investigated the diversities, co-occurrence network patterns, key drivers, and potential activities of AOA and AOB communities along a large altitudinal gradient. The α-diversity of the AOA communities exhibited a monotonically decreasing pattern with increasing elevation, whereas a sinusoidal pattern was observed for the AOB communities. The mean annual temperature was the single factor that most strongly influenced the α-diversity of the AOA communities; however, the interactions of plant richness, soil conductivity, and total nitrogen made comparable contributions to the α-diversity of the AOB communities. Moreover, the ß-diversities of the AOA and AOB communities were divided into two distinct clusters by elevation, i.e., low- (1800-2600 m) and high-altitude (2800-4100 m) sections. These patterns were attributed mainly to the soil pH, followed by variations in plant richness along the altitudinal gradient. In addition, the AOB communities were more important to the soil nitrification potential in the low-altitude section, whereas the AOA communities contributed more to the soil nitrification potential in the high-altitude section. Overall, this study revealed the key factors shaping the elevational patterns of ammonia-oxidizing communities and might predict the consequences of changes in ammonia-oxidizing communities.

Sodium titanium phosphate nanocube decorated on tablet-like carbon for robust sodium storage performance at low temperature.

Sodium-ion batteries, featuring resource abundance and similar working mechanisms to lithium-ion batteries, have gained extensive interest in both scientific exploration and industrial applications. However, the extremely sluggish reaction kinetics of charge carrier (Na+) at subzero temperatures significantly reduces their specific capacities and cycling life. Herein, this study presents a novel hybrid structure with sodium titanium phosphate (NaTi2(PO4)3, NTP) nanocube in-situ decorated on tablet-like carbon (NTP/C), which manifests superior sodium storage performances at low temperatures. At even -25 °C, a stable cycling with a specific capacity of 94.3 mAh/g can still be maintained after 200 cycles at 0.5 A/g, delivering a high capacity retention of 91.5 % compared with that at room temperature, along with an excellent rate capability. Generally, the superionic conductor structure, flat voltage plateaus, as well as the conductive carbonaceous framework can efficiently facilitate the charge transfer, accelerate the diffusion of Na+, and decrease the electrochemical polarization. Moreover, further investigations on diffusion kinetics, solid electrolyte interface layer, and the interaction between NTP and carbonaceous skeleton reveal its high Na+ diffusion coefficient, robust solid electrolyte interface, and strong electronic interaction, thus contributing to the superior capacity retentions at subzero temperatures.